Biomphalaria pfeifferi

Biomphalaria pfeifferi
Drawing of apical, apertural and umbilical view of the shell of Biomphalaria pfeifferi.
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Gastropoda
(unranked): clade Heterobranchia
clade Euthyneura
clade Panpulmonata
clade Hygrophila
Superfamily: Planorboidea
Family: Planorbidae
Subfamily: Planorbinae
Tribe: Biomphalariini
Genus: Biomphalaria
Species: B. pfeifferi
Binomial name
Biomphalaria pfeifferi
(Krauss, 1848)[1]

Biomphalaria pfeifferi is a species of air-breathing freshwater snail, an aquatic pulmonate gastropod mollusk in the family Planorbidae, the ram's horn snails.

This snail is a medically important pest,[2] because of transferring the disease schistosomiasis.

Contents

Distribution

Biomphalaria pfeifferi is an African species. It has recently expanded its native range.[2]

Distribution of Biomphalaria pfeifferi include:

The type locality is Umgani-Valley, Natal, South Africa[1] (in the times of the description it was the British Colony of Natal).

Phylogeny

A cladogram showing phylogenic relations of species in the genus Biomphalaria:[4]

Biomphalaria









Biomphalaria stanleyi


Biomphalaria pfeifferi



Biomphalaria camerunensis


Nilotic species complex



Biomphalaria sudanica


Biomphalaria choanomphala



Biomphalaria alexandrina



Biomphalaria smithi




Biomphalaria glabrata





Biomphalaria straminea complex


Biomphalaria kuhniana


Biomphalaria straminea




Biomphalaria straminea


Biomphalaria intermedia





Biomphalaria amazonica


Biomphalaria sp.





Biomphalaria tenagophila


Biomphalaria occidentalis






Biomphalaria prona


Biomphalaria andecola



Biomphalaria sp. (? Biomphalaria havanensis)







Biomphalaria sp. (? Biomphalaria havanensis)


Biomphalaria temascalensis



Biomphalaria obstructa




Biomphalaria helophila



Biomphalaria peregrina



Biomphalaria schrammi


Ecology

Biomphalaria pfeifferi can survive up to 16 hours in anaerobic water using anaerobic respiration.[5]

Parasites

Parasites of Biomphalaria pfeifferi include the following 11 species found in Tanzania:[6]

Toxicology

The seeds of the tree Balanites aegyptiaca have a molluscicide effect on Biomphalaria pfeifferi.[7]

Substance Route LC50 Reference
Powder of crude kernels of Balanites aegyptiaca immersion(?) 60 ppm [7]
Acetone extract of powder of the kernels of Balanites aegyptiaca immersion(?) 172,40 ppm [7]
Ethanol extract of the powder of kernels of Balanites aegyptiaca immersion(?) 84,15 ppm [7]

Ethanolic extract of the fruits of Dalbergia sissoo (family Leguminosae) exhibited molluscicidal effect against eggs of Biomphalaria pfeifferi.[8]

References

  1. ^ a b (German) (Latin) Krauss F. (1848). Die Sudafrikanischen Mollusken. Ebnert & Seubert, Stuttgart, 140 pp, 6 plates. page 83, plate 5, figure 7.
  2. ^ a b Pointier J. P, David P. & Jarne P. (September 2005) "Biological invasions: the case of planorbid snails". Journal of Helminthology 79(3): 249-256. doi:10.1079/JOH2005292, PubMed.
  3. ^ (French) Sarr A., Kinzelbach R. & Diouf M. (2011, in press). "Diversité spécifique et écologie des mollusques continenatux de la basse vallée du Ferlo (Sénégal). [Specific diversity and ecology of continental molluscs from the Lower Ferlo Valley (Senegal)]". MalaCo 7: 8 pp. PDF.
  4. ^ DeJong R. J., Morgan J. A. T., Paraense W. L., Pointier J.-P., Amarista M., Ayeh-Kumi P. F. K., Babiker A., Barbosa C. S., Brémond P., Canese A., de Souza C. P., Dominguez C., File S., Gutierrez A., Incani R. N., Kawano T., Kazibwe F., Kpikpi J., Lwambo N. J. S., Mimpfoundi R., Njiokou F., Poda J. N., Sene M., Velásquez L. E., Yong M., Adema C. M., Hofkin B. V., Mkoji G. M. & Loker E. S. (December 2001) "Evolutionary relationships and biogeography of Biomphalaria (Gastropoda: Planorbidae) with implications regarding its role as host of the human bloodfluke, Schistosoma mansoni". Molecular Biology and Evolution 18: 2225–2239. PubMed, text.
  5. ^ von Brand T., Baernstein H. D. & Mehlman B. (June 1950) "Studies on the anaerobic metabolism and the aerobic carbohydrate consumption of some freshwater snails". The Biological Bulletin 98: 266-277. PubMed, article and PDF
  6. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Loker E S., Moyo H. G. & Gardner S. L. (1981) "Trematode-gastropod association in nine non-lacustrine habitats in the Mwanza region of Tanzania". Parasitology 83: 381-399.
  7. ^ a b c d Hamidou T. H., Kabore H., Ouattara O., Ouédraogo S., Guissou I. P. & Sawadogo L. (2002) "Efficacy of Balanites aegyptiaca(L.) DEL Balanitaceae as Anthelminthic and Molluscicid Used by Traditional Healers in Burkina Faso". International Conference on Emerging Infectious Diseases 2002. page 37. PDF
  8. ^ Adenusi A. A. & Odaibo A. B. (2009). "Effects of varying concentrations of the crude aqueous and ethanolic". African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative medicines 6(2). abstract, PDF.

Further reading